Simplify Time Conversion: Seconds to Hours, Minutes, and Seconds with Python

Understanding how to work with time conversions is a useful skill when developing various applications. While Python provides built-in modules that handle these conversions easily, it’s a great learning opportunity to first build a custom function yourself. In this tutorial, we’ll walk through creating a Python function to convert time in seconds into hours, minutes, and seconds.

Afterward, we’ll also explore some of Python’s built-in tools for achieving the same results.

Custom Python Function for Time Conversion

Before diving into any existing solutions, let’s try solving the problem manually. To convert a given time in seconds into hours, minutes, and seconds, we can break it down into a few logical steps:

1. Handling Large Numbers of Seconds
If the input seconds exceed the number of seconds in a day, we can calculate how much time remains after dividing by the number of seconds in a day:

seconds = seconds % (24 * 3600)

The modulo operation ensures we only work with the time under 24 hours.

2. Extracting Hours
To get the number of hours, we divide the total seconds by the number of seconds in an hour (3600). Using floor division (//) ensures we get the integer part of the quotient:

hours = seconds // 3600

3. Calculating Minutes
After calculating hours, we use the modulo operator again to get the remaining seconds. Then, we repeat the process for minutes by dividing the remaining seconds by 60:

seconds %= 3600
minutes = seconds // 60

4. Getting Seconds
Finally, we apply the modulo operation to find the remaining seconds:

seconds %= 60

Let’s compile all of this into a Python function:

def convert_to_time_format(sec):
    sec = sec % (24 * 3600)  # Restricting to a 24-hour format
    hours = sec // 3600
    sec %= 3600
    minutes = sec // 60
    sec %= 60
    return "{:02d}:{:02d}:{:02d}".format(hours, minutes, sec)

n = 10000
print("Time in hours, minutes, and seconds:", convert_to_time_format(n))

Running the above code will give the following output:

Time in hours, minutes, and seconds: 02:46:40

Using Python’s time Module

While writing custom functions enhances understanding, Python’s time module can achieve the same results with fewer lines of code. This module allows you to format time based on an epoch (the starting point, often defined as January 1, 1970).

Here’s how to use the time module to convert seconds into hours, minutes, and seconds:

import time

n = 10000
formatted_time = time.strftime("%H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(n))
print("Time in hours, minutes, and seconds:", formatted_time)

The output will be:

Time in hours, minutes, and seconds: 02:46:40

This method is straightforward, converting the seconds directly into a structured format using Unix time.

Additional Features with the time Module

The time module allows you to display additional information such as the day of the week and the month. For example:

n = 100000000000
formatted_time = time.strftime("Day: %a, Time: %H:%M:%S, Month: %b", time.gmtime(n))
print("Formatted Time:", formatted_time)

Output:

Formatted Time: Day: Wed, Time: 09:46:40, Month: Nov

Using Python’s datetime Module

The datetime module offers another powerful way to work with time. You can use timedelta to convert seconds into a readable format that includes days, hours, minutes, and seconds:

import datetime

n = 10000000
formatted_time = str(datetime.timedelta(seconds=n))
print("Time in days, hours, minutes, and seconds:", formatted_time)

This code will output:

Time in days, hours, minutes, and seconds: 115 days, 17:46:40

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we explored three different methods for converting seconds into a readable time format. First, we built our own function, which gave us a deeper understanding of the process. Then, we explored Python’s built-in time and datetime modules, which offer convenient, ready-made solutions for handling time.

Whether you prefer building custom functions or leveraging Python’s existing libraries, having the flexibility to work with time in various formats is a valuable skill in software development.